Review of legislative oversight and delegated legislation in Nigeria, 2015 - 2023

Abstract

Legislative oversight of delegated legislation is a cornerstone of democratic governance, fostering accountability, ensuring regulatory compliance, and safeguarding public interests. This study examines the oversight role of Nigeria’s National Assembly, focusing on the mechanisms employed to supervise delegated rulemaking by regulatory agencies, their effectiveness, and the challenges that impede their efficacy. The study utilized an empirical review methodology, synthesizing existing literature, case studies, and secondary data to assess the impact of legislative oversight. Grounded in structural functional theory, the analysis explores how National Assembly committees interact with agencies such as the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC), the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), and the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) through activities like rule reviews, budget approvals, and public consultations. Findings indicate that oversight mechanisms, such as budget scrutiny and public hearings, enhance transparency and stakeholder engagement. However, systemic challenges persist, including inadequate staffing and limited technical capacity, which hinder in-depth analysis of regulatory frameworks. For instance, performance audits have revealed inefficiencies in sectors like energy regulation, but resource constraints limit comprehensive evaluations. The study recommends institutional reforms to bolster committee resources, the adoption of technology for real-time monitoring, and the establishment of regular performance audits. Additionally, it advocates for inclusive stakeholder engagement frameworks, particularly to amplify marginalized voices, and the introduction of ethical guidelines to mitigate political interference in oversight processes.