Reframing population control: A scoping review of natural family planning as an ethical and ecological alternative in biodiversity hotspots

Abstract

This scoping review investigates the viability of Natural Family Planning (NFP) as an ethical and environmentally sustainable substitute for artificial contraception, especially in biodiversity hotspots. With the acceleration of global population growth, there is heightened concern regarding the pressure on natural resources and the decline of biodiversity. Although artificial contraceptive methods effectively manage population growth, they present considerable ethical and environmental dilemmas, such as reproductive coercion and ecological pollution. In contrast, NFP honors reproductive autonomy, aligns with cultural values, and circumvents the pharmaceutical pollution linked to artificial contraceptives. This review synthesizes existing literature on the effectiveness, feasibility, and cultural acceptance of NFP in areas where biodiversity is most threatened, emphasizing both its potential and the obstacles to its broader implementation. Key findings indicate that while NFP can be as effective as artificial methods when utilized perfectly, typical usage is impeded by insufficient education and cultural obstacles. The review concludes with suggestions for future research, including longitudinal studies to evaluate NFP's long-term effectiveness and feasibility, as well as policy recommendations to incorporate NFP into national family planning strategies. This approach, rooted in community-driven education and cultural sensitivity, offers promise for providing a sustainable and ethical solution to global population and environmental issues.